Horizontal+Circulation

The design of Horizontal circulation //determines the basic shape and character of the entire structure.//

The first practical requirement of any circulation system is **to be adequate in size**. The sencond one is **Directness** (a good circulation plan should work well in either direction) The 3rd one is that **points of convergence traffic must be express** (facility for rapid access) and the fourth one **changes in level must be clearly express.**


 * What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns? **

Pennsylvania station in NY city. Le Corbusier’s Centrosoyus in Moscow the circulation patterns are vague and signs or direction marks would be necessary to indicate where one should go.

In The Palais de Justice in Paris the circulation gives unity and clarity to the building.

Circulations have an aesthetic factor and a functional one, provides a dynamic and visual effect that makes a place attractive for a tour and grants general sense to the entire structure, balancing arts and a circulation pattern.
 * Why is the concept of Horizontal Circulation important in any urban plan or architectural design? **